Isihlukanisi esiyindilinga, esivame ukwaziwa njengesikhulisi esiyindilinga, iyidivayisi yokuhlukanisa ngamandla omzimba (gravity) esetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yokucubungula amaminerali ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo kahle kanye nezici zayo ezihambisana nemvelo. Lobu buchwepheshe budlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlukaniseni amaminerali anezinhlayiya ezincane, okuyinto ngokwesintu okunzima ukuyicubungula ngezindlela ezijwayelekile. Izihlukanisi eziyindilinga zisebenzisa izimiso zamandla omzimba (gravity) namandla okudonsela phambili (centrifugal forces) ukuze ziqongelele amaminerali anenani, okwenza zibe yisisombululo esikhethwayo ezimbonini ezihlose ukuthuthukisa ukutholwa ngenkathi kuncishiswa umthelela emvelweni.

Umklamo we-spiral separator uvumela ukusebenza okuqhubekayo nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, okufaka isandla ekufanelekeni kwayo kokusimama. Indlela yayo elula kodwa esebenzayo iqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlayiya zamaminerali zihlukaniswa ngokusekelwe umehluko wokuminyana, okwenza kube lula ukuhlunga izimbiwa ezifana ne-hematite, i-magnetite, namanye amaminerali anomhlanganisela nezingekho. Ngenxa yalokho, izi-separator ezijikajikayo zithole ukudonswa okukhulu ezitshalweni zesimanje zokucubungula amaminerali.

Enye yezinto ezibalulekile zobuchwepheshe bokuhlukanisa okuphindaphindiwe ukuvumelana kwayo nezilinganiso ezahlukene zokudla kanye nezinhlobo ze-ore. Le ndlela yokusebenza ivumela abaphathi ukuba benze ngendlela ethile inqubo yokuhlukanisa ngokuya ngezici zabo ezithile ze-mineral, kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwefektri. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlukanisa okuphindaphindiwe kubalulekile ekubuyiseni ama-particles amancane angase alahleke, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukisa ukuhweba kwezimayini.

Eminyakeni edlule, ukuthuthuka ekwakhiweni kokuhlukanisa okuphindaphindiwe kuthuthukise ukusebenza kwabo, kuhlanganisa nokuthuthukiswa kwe-chutes eziphindaphindwayo ezine-patent ezinkampanini ezifana noAlicoco Mineral Technology Co., Limited. Lezi zinguquko zigxile ekuthuthukiseni izinga lokubuyisa kanye nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kanye namandla ngesikhathi sokucubungula i-mineral.

Sekukonke, isihlukanisi esiyindilinga siyiteknoloji ebalulekile ekugxileni ekwenzeni izindlela zokucubungula amaminerali zibe zisimeme futhi ziphumelele kakhudlwana, okuhambisana nokugcizelelwa okukhulayo komkhakha ekuziphatheni okuhle kwemvelo.

Ukucubungula amaminerali anobungani nemvelo sekubalulekile njengoba imboni yokumba ibhekene nengcindezi eyandayo yokunciphisa umthelela wayo emvelweni. Izindlela zendabuko zihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aphezulu, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi, nokucubungula amakhemikhali, okungaholela ekonakaleni kwemvelo nokungcola. Ngokuphambene, ukusetshenziswa kwezihlukanisi ezijikelezayo kusekela izindlela ezizinzile ngokusebenzisa ukuhlukaniswa ngamandla omzimba, inqubo edinga amakhemikhali amancane futhi isebenzisa amanzi amancane.

Izinzuzo zemvelo zokuhlanganisa izindlela zokuhlukanisa ezijikayo zihlanganisa ukuncishiswa kokukhishwa kwamanzi angcolile, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, kanye nokuncishiswa kokukhishwa kwegesi elibangela umphumela wokushisa womhlaba. Lokhu kuhambisana kahle nezinjongo zokuzinza zomhlaba wonke kanye nezinhlaka zokulawula ezikhuthaza ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obuhlanzekile. Izinkampani ezamukela izixazululo zokucubungula amaminerali ezihambisana nemvelo zibonisa isibopho sabo senhlalo njengebhizinisi futhi ngokuvamile zithola izinzuzo zokuncintisana ezimakethe eziluhlaza.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlela zokucubungula ezihambisana nemvelo zisiza ekulondolozweni kwezinsiza zemvelo ngokukhulisa ukutholwa kwamaminerali. Ukunciphisa ukuchithwa kwe-ore nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwezinqubo zokukhipha kunomthelela ekulondolozweni kwezindawo zokumba nasekwenzeni ukudingeka kwezindawo ezintsha zokumba. Le ndlela esimeme ayigcini nje ngokuvikela imvelo kodwa futhi isiza izinkampani zokumba ukuthi zithuthukise izindleko zazo zokusebenza futhi zithuthukise inzuzo.

Ngokwanda kwesidingo samaminerali atholakala ngokuziphatha okuhle, ikakhulukazi emikhakheni yezobuchwepheshe kanye neyokuvuselela amandla, ukucubungula amaminerali anobungani nemvelo kubaluleke kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili. Amandla esihlukanisi se-spiral okubhekana namaminerali amahle ngempumelelo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amakhemikhali ayingozi kwenza kube ubuchwepheshe obufanele ukuhlangabezana nalezi zidingo eziguqukayo zemboni.

Ababambiqhaza, okubalwa izinhlaka zemvelo nabatshalizimali, manje balindele ukuthi imisebenzi yokumba ihlanganise ubuchwepheshe obusimeme. Ngenxa yalokho, ukwamukelwa kwezihlukanisi ze-spiral kusekela ukuthobela imithetho yezemvelo futhi kukhuthaza ukusimama kwemboni yesikhathi eside.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezihlukanisi eziyindilinga kusekelwe esimisweni sokuhlukanisa ngamandla omzimba okuhlanganiswe namandla omjikelezo. Le mishini iqukethe umsele oyindilinga lapho uketshezi olunezingcezu zamaminerali lugeleza phansi ngamandla omzimba. Njengoba uketshezi luhamba emgqeni oyindilinga, izingcezu zihlukaniswa ngokusekelwe emandleni azo nobukhulu bazo.

Amaminerali anzima njenge-magnetite noma i-hematite aphoqwa ngaphakathi komgqeni oyindilinga ngenxa yamandla omjikelezo, kanti izingcezu ezilula zikagesi zihanjiswa ngaphandle. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kudala imibuthano yamaminerali ehlukene engaqoqwa ezindaweni ezahlukene eduze komgqeni oyindilinga. Umphumela ukuba kube khona ukugxilisa amaminerali anenzuzo komunye noma eminye imifudlana kanye nezinto eziwukudla kwabanye.

Izi-separator ezijikajikayo ngokuvamile zinezimpintshisi eziningi ukuze kukhuliswe ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukanisa futhi kuvunyelwe ukucubungula okuqhubekayo. Isivinini sokugeleza, ukuminyana komswakama, nosayizi wokudla kulawulwa ngokucophelela ukuze kuthuthukiswe inqubo yokuhlukanisa. Abasebenzisi bangalungisa le mibandela ukuze bathole izinga elifunwayo lokugxilisa nokubuyisa.

Ukwanda kobuchwepheshe kwakamuva kufaka phakathi izihlanganisi eziyindilinga ezinelungelo lobunikazi ezivela kuAlicoco Mineral Technology Co., Limited, ezithuthukisa umklamo oyindilinga ukuze kube lula ukuphatha izinhlayiya ezinhle namaminerali ayinqaba. Lezi zithuthukisi zisiza ekwehliseni ukulahleka kwamaminerali nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi kakhudlwana, ziqinisekisa uhlangothi lokusimama lokuhlukaniswa okuyindilinga.

Sekukonke, izihlukanisi eziyindilinga zinikeza indlela esebenza kahle, engadingi ukugcinwa kakhulu, futhi enobungani nemvelo yokuhlanganisa amaminerali, efaneleke kakhulu amaminerali ayinqaba anezinhlayiya ezinhle.

Amashelelisi esiyingi ahlinzeka ngezinzuzo eziningi ezenza zibe yisidingo ekusebenzeni kwezokucubungula amaminerali. Imvelo yazo enobungani nemvelo, ihlanganiswe nokusebenza kahle, yenza zibe yisisombululo esikhangayo sokuthola amaminerali ensimbi nawangewona ensimbi.

Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko yikhono lawo lokuthola amaminerali amahle kakhulu anzima ukuhlukaniswa kusetshenziswa omunye umshini wokuhlukanisa ngamandla omzimba. Leli khono lenyusa kakhulu amazinga okuthola impahla futhi lithuthukise inzuzo yezezimali yamaphrojekthi ezimayini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amashelelisi esiyingi asebenza ngokusebenzisa amandla aphansi, anciphisa izindleko zokusebenza nomthelela emvelweni.

Ukugcinwa kwezihlukanisi ezijikajikayo ngokuvamile kulula ngenxa yomklamo wazo olula wezinto ezihambayo. Lokhu kuguqulela ekunciphisweni kwesikhathi sokungasebenzi nokwanda kokukhiqiza. Izinto zokusebenza nazo zidinga amanzi amancane uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zokuhlukanisa ezimanzi njengokudonsa amanzi nezinye, okufaka isandla ekongeni amanzi emisebenzini yokumba.

Elinye inzuzo ukuguquguquka kwezihlukanisi ezijikajikayo. Zingalungiswa ukuze zikwazi ukubhekana nezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo zamaminerali nosayizi wokudla. Lokhu kuvumelana nezimo kuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi balungise izimo zokucubungula izimbiwa ezithile, kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukanisa kanye nekhwalithi yokuhlushwa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkampani ezifana ne-Alicoco zinikeza izixazululo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso nemiklamo yezihlukanisi ezijikajikayo ezine-patent ezithuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza nokusimama. Ukugxila kwazo kubuchwepheshe obusha be-spiral chute kusekela izidingo zamakhasimende zezixazululo zokucubungula amaminerali ezihambisana nemvelo futhi ezingabizi kakhulu.

Imisebenzi eminingi yokumba ezimayini emhlabeni wonke iphumelele ukuhlanganisa izihlukanisi ezijikelezayo ukuthuthukisa ukutholwa kwezimbiwa nokukhuthaza izindlela ezisimeme. Ngokwesibonelo, emaphrojekthini okumba igolide, ukuhlukanisa okujikelezayo kube yisihluthulelo ekugxiliseni izinhlayiya zegolide ezinhle ezivame ukulahleka ekucubunguleni okujwayelekile.

Emayini ye-hematite ne-magnetite, izihlukanisi ezijikelezayo ziye zavumela amazinga aphezulu okutholwa ngokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi namandla. Lezi zifundo zibonisa ukusebenza kahle kobuchwepheshe ekubhekaneni nezimbiwa eziyinkimbinkimbi nezinhlayiya ezinhle, okuyinto ngokwesintu eyinselele ukuyicubungula.

Esinye isibonelo esibaluleke kakhulu sihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwezihlukanisi ezijikelezayo ezinelungelo lobunikazi le-Alicoco ekumbeni i-cobalt, lapho ikhono lemishini lokuhlukanisa izimbiwa kahle liye laholela ekuthuthukisweni kwezinga lokugxilisa izimbiwa nokuncishiswa komthelela ombi. Imiphumela enemininingwane yephrojekthi iye yafakwa emibhalweni ku-Izingqinamba ikhasi le-webhusayithi yenkampani, libonisa izinzuzo ezisebenzayo nezinzuzo zezomnotho zezixazululo ezinobungani nemvelo.

Lezi zicelo eziphumelelayo zigcizelela ukubaluleka kwe-spiral separators hhayi kuphela ngokuya ngokusebenza kobuchwepheshe kodwa futhi ekukhuthazeni ukukhiqizwa kwezimbiwa okuhambisana nokusimama kwemvelo.

Abaqhubi abafuna ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-spiral separation bangathola ulwazi olubanzi lomkhiqizo kanye nezingqinamba zecase nge-Alicoco's Imikhiqizo kanye Izingqinamba amakhasi. Lezi zinsiza zisekela ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukucubungula kwezimbiwa.

Isihlukanisi esiyindilinga sigqama njengesixazululo esisebenzayo nesinganakile sokucubungula amaminerali esibhekana nezinselelo zokuthola amaminerali anezinhlamvu ezincane. Amandla aso okwandisa ukugxila kwamaminerali ngenkathi kuncishiswa umthelela emvelweni kwenza kube ubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo emikhubeni yokumba esimeme.

Ngokwamukela izihlukanisi ze-spiral, imisebenzi yokumba ingafinyelela amazinga aphezulu okuphumelelayo, inciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla namanzi, futhi ihambisane nemithetho eqinile yezemvelo. Izinto ezintsha kanye nemiklamo enamalungelo obunikazi enikezwa abaholi njenge-Alicoco Mineral Technology Co., Limited ziqinisa kakhulu lezi zinzuzo, zinikeza izixazululo ezenziwe ngendlela efanele ezihlangabezana nezidingo ezahlukahlukene zemboni yokucubungula amaminerali.

Ezinkampanini ezifuna ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula amaminerali ngenkathi zamukela izinhloso zokusimama, ubuchwepheshe bokuhlukanisa i-spiral buyindlela eqinisekisiwe, ethembekile, futhi ebheke phambili. Ukuqhubeka kwezinguquko nempumelelo yamacala kuqinisekisa inani lokuhlanganisa izihlukanisi ze-spiral emisebenzini yokuthuthukisa amaminerali.

Ukuhlola okwengeziwe mayelana nezihlukanisi ze-spiral, izicelo zazo, nokuthi zingasekela kanjani izidingo zakho zokucubungula amaminerali anobungani nemvelo, vakashela i-Alicoco'sIkhaya ikhasi noma thintana nochwepheshe babo nge-Xhumana-1 ikhasi ukuze uthole ukubonisana okuningiliziwe nokusekelwa.