Ukuhlukaniswa ngamandla adonsela phansi kudala kuyisisekelo somkhakha wezimayini, kunikeza indlela engabizi kakhulu futhi evumelana nemvelo yokugxilisa amaminerali abalulekile avela empahleni eluhlaza. Phakathi kwemishini eminingi esetshenziswa kulo mkhakha, i-spiral chute igqama njengenye yamathuluzi asebenza kahle kakhulu futhi aguquguqukayo, ekwazi ukuphatha konke kusukela esihlabathini esikhulu kuya kudaka oluhle ngenemba ephawulekayo. Imisebenzi yanamuhla yokucubungula amaminerali incike kakhulu kulobu buchwepheshe ngoba abusebenzisi amakhemikhali, busebenzisa amandla amancane kakhulu, futhi buletha imiphumela engaguquki ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zamaminerali. Njengoba izinkampani zezimayini ziya ngokuya zibeka phambili izinqubo ezisimeme, imishini esekelwe emandleni adonsela phansi njenge-spiral chute ithole ukunakwa okusha ngenxa yomthelela wayo omncane emvelweni nokwethembeka kwayo okuphezulu ekusebenzeni. I-Alicoco Mineral Technology Co., Limited, umkhiqizi ozinze e-Guangzhou onemiklamo enamalungelo obunikazi be-spiral concentrator, izimise njengomhlinzeki othembekile wale mishini ebalulekile kumakhasimende emhlabeni wonke. Noma ngabe ucubungula i-iron ore, i-chromite, i-tin, noma i-tungsten, ukukhetha umhlinzeki ofanele we-spiral chute kungenza umehluko phakathi komsebenzi ophumelelayo nalowo odonsa kanzima ukufinyelela izinhloso zokuthola kabusha. Lesi sihloko sinikeza ukubuka okuphelele kokuthi ama-spiral chute asebenza kanjani, lapho egqama khona, nokuthi kungani i-Alicoco isiphenduke igama elihambisana nekhwalithi emkhakheni wokuhlukaniswa ngamandla adonsela phansi.

I-spiral chute iyithuluzi lokuhlukanisa ngamandla adonsela phansi elisebenzisa umsele ozungezile ukuze lihlukanise izinhlayiya ngokusekelwe kumehluko wokuminyana, usayizi, nokuma njengoba i-slurry igeleza yehla ngaphansi kwamandla adonsela phansi namandla e-centrifugal. Isakhiwo esiyisisekelo siqukethe insika emaphakathi emi mpo embozwe imisele eminingi ezungezile, ngamunye unesimo esinqamulelayo esiklanywe ngokucophelela ukuze kukhuthazwe ukuhlukaniseka kwezinhlayiya. I-feed slurry yethulwa phezulu kwe-chute, futhi njengoba yehla, izinhlayiya zezimbiwa ezisindayo zifudukela onqenqemeni lwangaphakathi kuyilapho izinto ezilula ze-gangue zihamba ziya ngaphandle, lapho zingaqoqwa khona ngamapuleti ahlukanisayo alungisekayo ngezansi. Umlando wama-spiral concentrators ubuyela emuva eminyakeni yawo-1940 lapho u-Humphreys eqala khona i-spiral yokuqala yezohwebo e-United States, futhi ubuchwepheshe selokhu bathuthuka kakhulu ngokuqhubeka kwesayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo ne-computational fluid dynamics. Ama-spiral anamuhla akhiwa nge-fiberglass, i-polyurethane, nensimbi, enezindawo ezibunjiwe ngokunembile ezithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukanisa futhi zandise impilo yemishini. I-spiral chute yesimanje iwubufakazi bokuthi umgomo womshini olula ngokuqhathaniswa ungacwengwa ukuze kutholakale ukusebenza kwezinga lezimboni, futhi ihlala iyitshe legumbi ezitshalweni zokucubungula amaminerali emhlabeni wonke. Ukuqonda ubuciko bokuklanywa kwe-spiral chute kubalulekile kuma-opharetha afuna ukukhulisa amazinga okuthola kabusha nokunciphisa isikhathi sokuphumula, yingakho i-Alicoco itshala kakhulu ocwaningweni nokuthuthukiswa ukuze igcine amamodeli ayo esezingeni eliphambili lemboni.

Umthetho wokusebenza we-spiral chute ugxile ekusebenzisaneni kwamandla adonsela phansi, amandla e-centrifugal, kanye nokudonswa koketshezi, okuhlangene kwakha indawo eguqukayo lapho izinhlayiya zihleleka ngokwezisindo zazo. Uma i-slurry ingena phezulu kwe-chute, yakha ifilimu elincanyana eligeleza ngomsele oyindilinga, futhi amandla e-centrifugal akhiqizwa umzila ogobile aphusha izinhlayiya ezilula ziphume ngaphandle kuyilapho amaminerali asindayo ebambelela odongeni lwangaphakathi. Njengoba i-slurry yehla, ukugeleza kukhuthaza isimo esaziwa ngokuthi ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlayiya, lapho amaminerali aminyene ehlala phansi kungqimba lwefilimu kanti i-gangue elula intanta phezulu, okuvumela i-splitter ukuthi ihlukanise imifudlana emibili kahle. Inqubo yenzeka ngezinyathelo ezihlukile: okokuqala, i-feed iyalungiswa futhi ihlanjululwe ibe ubukhulu obufanele be-pulp, ngokuvamile phakathi kuka-20% no-40% wezinto eziqinile ngesisindo, okuqinisekisa ukuhamba kahle kwezinhlayiya. Okwesibili, i-slurry isatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo phezulu kwe-chute, ngokuvamile ngebhokisi lokusabalalisa eliphakela ama-spirals amaningi ngasikhathi sinye ukuze kutholakale umthamo ophezulu. Okwesithathu, njengoba into ihamba yehla nge-helix, ukugezwa okuphindaphindiwe nokuhlunga kabusha kwenzeka ekujikeni ngakunye, kuthuthukiswa kancane kancane ukugxila kwaminerali esindayo kuze kube yilapho kuphuma ngezimbobo ezikhethiwe zokuqoqa ezansi. Ekugcineni, i-concentrate, ama-middlings, nama-tailings aqondiswa kuma-launders ahlukene, lapho angaqhubeka ecutshungulwa noma abuyiselwe emuva kuye nge-flowsheet yasembonini. Ukuqonda kahle lokhu kugeleza kubalulekile, ngoba noma umehluko omncane ezingeni lokudla, usayizi wezinhlayiya, noma ubukhulu be-slurry kungathinta kakhulu ukusebenza kokuhlukanisa, yingakho i-Alicoco inikeza imihlahlandlela eningiliziwe yokusebenza kuyo yonke i-spiral chute eyithumelayo.

Ukuguquguquka kwe-spiral chute kuyenza ibe yinto ebalulekile empahleni yezimboni eziningi ezahlukene, kusukela ekumbeni kwamatshe aqinile kuya ekutholeni kabusha izinto ezingasebenzi. Emkhakheni wezimayini, ama-spiral concentrators asetshenziswa kakhulu ukucubungula i-iron ore, lapho ekwazi khona ukulahla i-silica nezinye izinto ze-gangue ngempumelelo ukuze kukhiqizwe ama-concentrates asezingeni eliphezulu afanele ukwenza insimbi. Imisebenzi ye-chromite nayo incike kakhulu kuma-spiral chutes, njengoba lobu buchwepheshe bunikeza indlela ephumelelayo yokuhlukanisa i-chromite ku-gangue kuzo zombili izindawo ze-alluvial ne-lateritic. Abakhiqizi be-tin ne-tungsten kudala bethembele kuma-spiral separators njengesigaba sokuqala sokugxilisa, ngokuvamile bethola amazinga okuthola ngaphezu kuka-90% lapho ukudla kulungiswe kahle futhi kulawulwa. Ukutholwa kwegolide kungenye yezinhlelo ezinkulu zokusebenzisa, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ze-alluvial ne-placer lapho i-spiral chute ingathwebula khona izinhlayiya zegolide ezikhululekile ngempumelelo emangalisayo, futhi ivamise ukuhlanganiswa ezitshalweni eziyimojula ezingasetshenziswa ezindaweni ezikude. Ngaphandle kwezimayini zendabuko, imboni yokucubungula amaminerali isebenzisa ama-spiral chutes ekuthuthukiseni amalahle ukususa umlotha ne-pyrite, futhi lobu buchwepheshe buya kwandisa ukusetshenziswa ezikhungweni zokugaywa kabusha ukuthola izinsimbi kudoti kagesi ne-slag. Imisebenzi yesihlabathi sasolwandle, ecubungula izihlabathi ezinamaminerali asindayo aqukethe i-ilmenite, i-rutile, ne-zircon, iphakathi kwezinhlelo ezikhula ngokushesha kakhulu zokusebenzisa ama-spiral concentrators, njengoba kugqanyiswe ku-Alicoco'sIzixazululo ikhasi. Ngasinye kulezi zinhlelo zokusebenza sidinga izimo zejometri ezihlukile kanye nemingcele yokusebenza, yingakho i-Alicoco inikeza izinhlobo ezinhlanu ezihlukile zamamodeli (F, L, H, M, kanye no-X) ukuze ifane nezici ezithile zokudla kanye nemikhiqizo eqondiwe.

Ukutshala ku-Alicoco spiral chute kuletha izinzuzo eziningi ezinomthelela oqondile enzuzweni nasekusimameni kwanoma yimuphi umsebenzi wokucubungula amaminerali. Okokuqala nokubalulekile, ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukanisa kanye nezinga lokuthola kabusha kwale mishini kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukhipha inani eliphezulu kakhulu ensimbi yakho, kunciphisa ukulahleka futhi kuthuthukise umnotho wonke wemboni. Izindleko eziphansi zokusebenza ngenye inzuzo enkulu, ngoba ama-spiral chute awadingi ama-reagents, adinga amandla amancane, futhi cishe awanazo izinto ezisetshenziswayo eziqhubekayo, okwenza kushibhile kakhulu ukuwasebenzisa kune-flotation cells noma ama-magnetic separators. Ukuqina kwakhelwe kuyo yonke iyunithi, ngama-wear-resistant fiberglass kanye nama-polyurethane linings amelana nokugqwala kwama-mineral slurries futhi anikeze iminyaka yokusebenza ngaphandle kwezinkinga ngisho nasezindaweni ezinzima. Ukufakwa kalula kuyiphuzu elibalulekile lokuthengisa, ngoba idizayini ye-modular ivumela ama-spirals ukuthi afakwe ngamaqoqo futhi alungiswe ukuze ahambisane nezakhiwo ezikhona zemboni ngemisebenzi emincane yokwakha. Izidingo zokunakekela ziphansi kakhulu, ngokuhlanzwa okujwayelekile nokulungiswa kwama-splitters ngezikhathi ezithile okuwukuphela kwemisebenzi edingekayo ukuze umshini uqhubeke usebenza ngokuphelele. Ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso kungenye into ephawulekayo yomkhiqizo we-Alicoco, ngoba inkampani ingakwazi ukulungisa ububanzi be-spiral, inani lokujika, kanye nezinto zokwakha ukuze kufaneleke amandla athile nokusabalalisa kobukhulu bezinhlayiya, kuqinisekiswe ukufanelana okuphelele nomzimba wakho wensimbi. Uma uhlanganisa lezi zinzuzo nobuchwepheshe obunelungelo lobunikazi benkampani kanye nomlando oqinisekisiwe, kuyacaca ukuthi kungani ama-spiral chute e-Alicoco ecaciswa onjiniyela nabaphathi bezimboni emhlabeni wonke.

Ukukhetha imodeli efanele ye-spiral chute kudinga ukuqonda okucacile kwezincazelo zobuchwepheshe, okuhlanganisa umthamo wokukhipha, imikhawulo yosayizi wezinhlayiya zokudla, kanye nezici zomzimba zensimbi yakho. Uhlu lwemikhiqizo yakwa-Alicoco luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezinhlanu eziyinhloko zamamodeli, ngayinye yakhelwe umsebenzi othile wokuhlukanisa: Uhlobo F luklanyelwe ukutholwa kahle kwamaminerali, Uhlobo L luphatha ukudla okuyisisekelo okungobuningi, Uhlobo H lunikeza ukugxilisa okusebenza kahle kakhulu, Uhlobo M luyinketho eguquguqukayo yomsebenzi ophakathi, kanti Uhlobo X lwakhelwe ukwelashwa kwe-slime ecolekile kakhulu. Ububanzi bomthamo buyahluka ngemodeli, ngomthamo ojwayelekile owela phakathi kuka-1 no-10 amathani ngehora ngokuqala ngakunye, futhi ukuqala okuningi kungafakwa ensikeni eyodwa ukuze kuphindwe umthamo wemboni ngaphandle kokuthatha indawo eyengeziwe yaphansi. Imikhawulo yosayizi wokudla ibalulekile ukucatshangelwa, njengoba iningi lama-spiral chute asebenza kahle ezinhlayiyeni ezisukela ku-0.03 millimitha kuya cishe ku-2 millimitha, kanti ukudla okukhudlwana kudinga ukulungiswa okukhethekile noma ukuhlolwa kwangaphambili. Izinketho zezinto zokwakha zihlanganisa i-fiberglass reinforced plastic ene-polyurethane wear coating, okuyizinga lemikhakha lokumelana nokugqwala nokuqina, kanye namamodeli aqiniswe ngensimbi ezinhlelweni ezinzima kakhulu. Ububanzi be-spiral, ngokujwayelekile busuka ku-600 kuya ku-1200 millimitha, kanye nenani lokujika, ngokuvamile phakathi kwesine neseveni, kukhethwa ngokusekelwe ekusebenzeni kahle kokuhlukanisa okudingekayo kanye nezinga elifiswayo le-concentrate. Ithimba lobunjiniyela bakwa-Alicoco lisebenza namakhasimende ukuze libuyekeze izici zensimbi yabo nezinjongo zemboni, linikeze izincomo ezinemininingwane ezithuthukisa ukutholwa kabusha kuyilapho zigcina izindleko zongxiwankulu nezokusebenza zilawuleka. Ukuze uthole ukubuka okujulile kwamamodeli amahlanu aphambili nobukhulu bawo obunembile, vakashela inkampani enemininingwane ephelele.Imikhiqizo ikhasi, lapho uzothola khona imininingwane ephelele nesiqondiso sokusebenzisa.

Idatha yokusebenza yangempela emhlabeni iwubufakazi obuhle kakhulu bokwethembeka nokusebenza kahle kwama-spiral chute e-Alicoco, futhi inkampani isiqongelele uhlu oluhle lwamaphrojekthi aphumelelayo emazwenikazi amaningi. Esimweni esisodwa esiphawulekayo, imboni yokucubungula ithini eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia yathuthukisa isuka kumatafula okuhluzela amadala yaya eqenjini lama-spiral e-Alicoco futhi ngokushesha yabona izinga layo lokuthola izinto likhuphuka laya ku-92%, kuyilapho kancane kancane yehlisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi namandla ngokucishe kube ingxenye yesithathu. Omunye umsebenzi wawubandakanya ukusebenza kwe-iron ore eNingizimu Melika okwakudinga ukuthuthukisa izinga le-concentrate kusuka ku-58% kuya ku-65% we-iron ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokuthumela kwamanye amazwe, futhi ama-spiral e-Alicoco ohlobo H afinyelela lokhu kuhlosiwe kuyilapho enyusa umthamo wokusebenza kwesitshalo ngama-20%. Umkhiqizi we-chromite e-Afrika wabhekana nezinselele ezinkulu zokulahleka kwezinhlayiya ezincane, kodwa ukufakwa kwama-spiral e-Type X fine-slime kwathola ngaphezu kuka-80% we-chromite obekulahlwe ngaphambilini, kwengeza inani elikhulu emsebenzini. Amakhasimende ahlala encoma ikhwalithi yokwakhiwa kwemishini, ukucaca kwemibhalo yobuchwepheshe, kanye nokusabela kweqembu lokusekela le-Alicoco, elihlala likhona phakathi nezigaba zokuqalisa nokuthuthukisa. InkampaniIzifundo Zezigamekoimininingwane yekhasi lezi nezinye izindaba zempumelelo, zinikeza abathengi abangaba khona ubufakazi obuphathekayo balokho ubuchwepheshe obungakufeza. Ngaphandle kwezibalo, amakhasimende avame ukuphawula ukuthi kulula kangakanani ukuqeqesha abasebenzi ukuthi basebenzise ama-spiral ngempumelelo, ngenxa yomklamo ocacile nokungabikho kwezilawuli eziyinkimbinkimbi noma izinhlelo zokufaka amakhemikhali. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kokuthuthuka okulinganisekayo kokusebenza nolwazi oluhle lwabasebenzisi kwenze u-Alicoco waba ngumthengisi okhethwayo womabili amaphrojekthi amasha kanye nokwandiswa kwezimboni.

Ukufakwa okufanele nokunakekelwa ngokukhuthala kubalulekile ukuze kutholakale amandla aphelele e-spiral chute, futhi ukulandela imihlahlandlela embalwa efakazelwe kuzokwelula impilo yemishini futhi kuqinisekise ukusebenza okungaguquki kokuhlukanisa. Ukulungiswa kwesiza kuqala ngesisekelo esiyisicaba, esiqinile ngokwesakhiwo esingakwazi ukusekela isisindo se-spiral bank kanye nomthwalo oguqukayo we-slurry, futhi kufanele kunakwe ngokucophelela ukuqondanisa ama-spirals ngokuqondile ukuze kugwenywe ukusabalalisa okungalingani kokugeleza. Uhlelo lokudla kufanele lulethe ukuminyana kwe-pulp okungaguquki kanye nesilinganiso sokugeleza kuso sonke isiqalo ebhange, okungadinga ukuthi kube ne-distribution box enobukhulu obufanele kanye nama-feed pumps alinganisiwe, futhi abasebenzi kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi i-slurry ayinayo imfucumfucu emikhulu engavala imisele. Uma isivele isebenza, ukuhlanza okujwayelekile kungumsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu wokunakekela, ngoba ama-slimes aqongelelekile namaminerali azinzile angashintsha ukwakheka kokugeleza futhi ehlise ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukanisa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukugeza izindawo ze-spiral ngamanzi ngezikhathi ezijwayelekile, ngokuvamile ngemva kwe-shift ngayinye, kususa ukunqwabelana futhi kubuyisele ukusebenza okuphelele, kuyilapho ukuhlola ngezikhathi ezithile kwe-wear coating kukhomba izindawo ezincanyana ezidinga ukulungiswa ngaphambi kokuba zilimaze umzimba we-fiberglass. Ukushintshwa kwezingxenye ngokuvamile kukhawulelwe kuma-splitters alungisekayo nama-collection spigots, okuthi yizo ezihlangabezana nokugqoka okuningi, futhi i-Alicoco ihlinzeka ngezingxenye zokushintsha ezingokoqobo ezilula ukuzifaka ngamathuluzi ajwayelekile. Uma ubhekana nezinselele, inkampaniImibuzo Ejwayelekile ikhasi libhekana nezimo ezijwayelekile zokuxazulula izinkinga, kusukela ekululameni okungafanele kuya ekugelezeni okunamandla, futhi linikeza isiqondiso esisebenzayo sokuxazulula. Ngokulandela lezi zindlela zokugcina, abasebenzisi bangalindela impilo yesevisi engaphezu kwesikhathi esijwayelekile sewaranti, okwenza i-spiral chute ibe enye yezimali ezithembekile kakhulu embonini yokucubungula.

Ukukhetha i-Alicoco Mineral Technology Co., Limited kusho ukubambisana nenkampani ehlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obujulile bezobunjiniyela nokuzibophezela kwangempela empumelelweni yamakhasimende emkhakheni wokuhlukanisa ngamandla adonsela phansi. Izinze e-Guangzhou, i-Alicoco itshale kakhulu ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni, ithola amalungelo obunikazi bamazwe ngamazwe ngemiklamo yayo yama-spiral concentrator futhi iqhubeka nokuthuthukisa izinqubo zayo zokukhiqiza ukuze ilethe imikhiqizo ephakeme. Ithimba eliyinhloko lenkampani liletha amashumi eminyaka yesipiliyoni esihlanganisiwe ekucubunguleni amaminerali, liqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izincomo zisekelwe olwazini olusebenzayo, olufakazelwe emkhakheni hhayi ukuqagela kwethiyori. Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu, njengoba wonke ama-spiral chute enziwa ukuhlolwa okunzima nokuhlolwa ngaphambi kokuba ashiye ifektri, okuhlanganisa ukuqinisekiswa kobukhulu, ukuhlolwa kokuqedwa kwendawo, nokuhlolwa kokusebenza kwe-hydraulic. I-Alicoco inezitifiketi ezifanele futhi ihlangabezana namazinga omhlaba wonke okukhiqiza, okunikeza abathengi ukuzethemba ekufaneni nasekuthembekeni kwemishini abayitholayo. Ukusekelwa kwangemva kokuthengisa nakho kuyinto ehlukanisayo, njengoba inkampani ihlinzeka ngezincwadi zokufaka ezinemininingwane, usizo lwezobuchwepheshe oluqhubekayo, kanye nokulethwa kwama-spare parts ngokushesha kunoma iyiphi indawo emhlabeni wonke. Amandla okuthumela emhlabeni wonke asho ukuthi akukho khasimende elingafinyeleleki, futhi i-Alicoco ilethe ngempumelelo ama-spiral chutes ezimayini zase-Asia, e-Afrika, eNingizimu Melika, nangale kwalokho. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngomlando wenkampani, amagugu ayo, nefilosofi yayo yokukhiqiza, i-Mayelana Nathi ikhasi linikeza umbono ophelele, kanti Ikhaya ikhasi libonisa uhla oluphelele lwemikhiqizo yohlobo lwe-F, H, L, M, ne-X kanye nezimboni ezisebenza kuzo.

I-spiral chute ihlala iyithuluzi elisebenza kahle kakhulu, elonga imali, futhi elinakekela imvelo elitholakalayo ekwehlukaniseni amaminerali ngokudonsela phansi (gravity separation), futhi ukusetshenziswa kwalo kuyaqhubeka nokukhula ezimbonini zezimayini, zensimbi, zamalahle, kanye nokugaywa kabusha kwezinto. Kusukela ku-iron ore ne-chromite kuya ku-tin, tungsten, negolide, ama-spiral chute akwa-Alicoco aletha amazinga aphezulu okuthola amaminerali, izindleko eziphansi zokusebenza, nokwakhiwa okuqinile okumelana nezimo ezinzima kakhulu zezimboni. Inhlanganisela yobuchwepheshe obunelungelo lobunikazi, imiklamo engaguquguquka, kanye nohlu olugcwele lwezidingo zobuchwepheshe kwenza i-Alicoco ibe umlingani ofanelekile wamaphrojekthi amasha kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemisebenzi ekhona. Noma ngabe ungunjiniyela wezimboni ohlola ukuthuthukiswa kwezinqubo, umthuthukisi wamaphrojekthi ohlela indawo entsha yokucubungula, noma umphathi wokusebenza ofuna ukukhulisa ukutholakala kwamam minerali nokwehlisa izindleko, ochwepheshe bakwa-Alicoco bakulungele ukukusiza. Ngiyakhuthaza ukuthi uxhumane nethimba lakwa-Alicoco ukuze nixoxe ngezici zakho ezithile ze-ore, izidingo zamandla okukhiqiza, kanye nemigomo yekhwalithi, futhi ucele isilinganiso sezindleko esenziwe ngokwakho. Ochwepheshe abazinikele benkampani bazosebenzisana nawe ekukhetheni ukumiswa okufanele kwe-spiral chute futhi bakunikeze ukwesekwa kobuchwepheshe okudingekayo ukuze ufeze izinhloso zakho zokukhiqiza. Xhumana ne-Alicoco namuhla ukuze uthathe isinyathelo esilandelayo esiya ekucubunguleni amaminerali okusebenza kahle nokunenzuzo, futhi uthole ukuthi kungani amabhizinisi amaningi emhlabeni wonke ethemba lo mkhiqizi ezidingweni zawo zokwehlukanisa ngokudonsela phansi.